Mammals wiki - A state mammal is the official mammal of a U.S. state as designated by a state's legislature. The first column of the table is for those denoted as the state mammal, and the second shows the state marine mammals. Animals with more specific designations are also listed.

 
Placental mammals. The dingo was the first placental mammal introduced to Australia by humans. Australia has indigenous placental mammals from two orders: the bats, order Chiroptera, represented by six families, and the mice and rats, order Rodentia, family Muridae. Bats and rodents are relatively recent arrivals to Australia. . Gmu spring 2024 course catalog

Subcategories. This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. Cenozoic mammals of Africa ‎ (6 C, 24 P) Cenozoic mammals of Antarctica ‎ (1 C) Cenozoic mammals of Asia ‎ (6 C, 30 P) Cenozoic mammals of Europe ‎ (5 C, 30 P) Cenozoic mammals of Oceania ‎ (4 C) Cenozoic mammals of South America ‎ (6 … Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining ( endometrium ). It occurs on a regular basis in uninseminated [1] sexually reproductive-age females of certain mammal species. Although there is some disagreement in definitions between sources, menstruation is generally considered to be limited to primates. This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Ethiopia.There are 279 mammal species in Ethiopia, of which five are critically endangered, eight are endangered, twenty-seven are vulnerable, and twelve are near threatened.. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the …A mammal ( from Latin mamma 'breast') is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia ( / məˈmeɪli.ə / ). Mammals are characterized by the presence of milk-producing mammary …‘Mammal’ is the scientific name given to a group of animals that share four common characteristics. These characteristics separate them from other animal species on earth. …Order: Primates edit · Red-handed howler, Alouatta belzebul VU · Black howler, Alouatta caraya LC · Brown howler, Alouatta guariba LC · Amazon black how...A state mammal is the official mammal of a U.S. state as designated by a state's legislature. The first column of the table is for those denoted as the state mammal, and the second shows the state marine mammals. Animals with more specific designations are also listed.Winter white Russian dwarf hamster. Bank vole. Norway lemming. Common vole. Tundra vole. Yellow-necked mouse. Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (/ s ɪ ˈ j uː r ɪ d eɪ,-d iː /), a family that includes small or medium-size rodents.The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels.Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and were …This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in South America.South America's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers", African immigrants and recent North American immigrants. The marsupials and xenarthrans are "old-timers", their ancestors having been present on the continent since at least the very early Cenozoic Era.In today’s digital age, having an online presence is crucial for businesses and organizations. One effective way to share information, collaborate, and engage with your audience is...Bumblebee bat. The title of the world’s smallest mammal goes to the bumblebee bat. This mammal weighs just shy of 2 grams and measures around 1 to 1.3 inches (3.3 cm) in length. The bumblebee bat was discovered by Thai zoologist, Kitti Thonglongya, in 1974 and is also known as Kitti's hog-nosed bat because of its pig-like snout.mammal, Any member of the class (Mammalia) of warm-blooded vertebrates having four limbs (except for some aquatic species) and distinguished from other chordate classes by the female’s milk …P · Pinnipeds‎ (17 C, 18 P) · Polar bears‎ (2 C, 9 P) · Prehistoric marine mammals‎ (4 C, 2 P) ...Order: Rodentia (rodents) African brush-tailed porcupine. Cape porcupine. Spiny mouse. Typical striped grass mouse. Acacia rat. Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.The story of a Michelin-starred chef whose world implodes when he discovers shocking secrets about his pregnant wife. Creator. James Richardson. Stars. James Corden. Melia Kreiling. Colin Morgan. See … Least chipmunk. Northern pocket gopher. Ord's kangaroo rat. Singing vole. White-footed mouse. Hispid cotton rat. Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus; pl.: umbilici or umbilicuses; commonly known as the belly button or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. [1] All placental mammals have a navel, although it is generally more conspicuous in humans.What animals are Mammals? There are nearly 6,500 publicly recognized mammal species with more being discovered all the time. Popular mammal examples …This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Malaysia.There are 313 mammal species in Malaysia, of which six are critically endangered, seventeen are endangered, twenty-eight are vulnerable, and one is near threatened.Every mammal in Malaysia belongs to the subclass Theria, and the infraclass Eutheria, as all are … A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins ), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and possibly extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin). Brown spider monkey, a critically endangered mammal. Siamese crocodile, a critically endangered reptile. American burying beetle, an endangered species of insect. Kemp's ridley sea turtle, a critically endangered reptile. The Mexican wolf, the most endangered subspecies of the North American grey wolf.A rabbit is a mammal. Humans are also mammals. All mammals are warm-blooded vertebrate beings with bodies that have hair, and female mammals have mammary glands, giving them the ab... List of mammal genera. There are currently 1,258 genera, 161 families, 27 orders, and around 5,937 recognized living species of mammal. [1] Mammalian taxonomy is in constant flux as many new species are described and recategorized within their respective genera and families. The taxonomy represented here is a compilation of the most logical and ... Echidna. Echidnas ( / ɪˈkɪdnəz / ), sometimes known as spiny anteaters, [1] are quill-covered [2] monotremes (egg-laying mammals) belonging to the family Tachyglossidae / tækiˈɡlɒsɪdiː /, living in Australia and New Guinea. The four extant species of echidnas and the platypus are the only living mammals that lay eggs …Placental mammals are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the ...Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons) edit · Common shrew, Sorex araneus · Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens · Kamchatka ... Critically endangered mammals are listed separately. There are 679 mammalian species which are endangered or critically endangered. ... Wikipedia® is a registered ... This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Mexico. As of September 2014, there were 536 mammalian species or subspecies listed. Based on IUCN data, Mexico has 23% more noncetacean mammal species than the U.S. and Canada combined in an area only 10% as large, or a species density over 12 …A state mammal is the official mammal of a U.S. state as designated by a state's legislature. The first column of the table is for those denoted as the state mammal, and the second shows the state marine mammals. Animals with more specific designations are also listed.This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Sri Lanka, with their respective names in Sinhala also listed. There are 125 mammal species in Sri Lanka, of which one is critically endangered, ten are endangered, ten are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the …Start a Wiki Don't have an account? Register. Sign In. Advertisement. Sign In Register NatureRules1 Wiki 9,839. pages. Explore. Main Page; Discuss; All Pages; Community; ... Mammals Category page. Sign in to edit View history Talk (0) Trending pages. Okapi; Smilodon; Bornean Orangutan; Thylacine; Behemoth; …Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and porpoises. Dolphins and porpoises may be considered whales from a formal, cladistic perspective.Erlanger's gazelle. Etruscan shrew. Eurasian least shrew. Eurasian lynx. Eurasian pygmy shrew. Eurasian water shrew. European badger. European fallow deer. Ezo red fox. Critically endangered mammals are listed separately. There are 679 mammalian species which are endangered or critically endangered. ... Wikipedia® is a registered ... Monotremes ( / ˈmɒnətriːmz /) are mammals of the order Monotremata. They are the only known group of living mammals that lay eggs, rather than bearing live young. The extant monotreme species are the platypus and the four species of echidnas. Monotremes are typified by structural differences in their brains, jaws, digestive tract ...The springbok antelope (Antidorcas marsupialis) is the national animal of South Africa. This is a list of the mammal species recorded in South Africa.There are 299 mammal species in South Africa, of which two are critically endangered, eleven are endangered, fifteen are vulnerable, and thirteen are near threatened.Two of the species listed for South Africa are …Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. It was historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") due to the symptom of panic when presented with liquids to drink. Early symptoms can include fever and abnormal sensations at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by …Terrestrial mammals Carnivora Between 25,000 and 30,000 black bears reside in Oregon. Carnivora (/ k ɑːr ˈ n ɪ v ər ə / or / ˌ k ɑːr n ɪ ˈ v ɔːr ə /; from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh", + vorāre "to devour") is one of the most diverse of the mammalian orders. The gray wolf has recolonized Oregon especially in the northeast and is …Humans are the only animals to have invented computers, and no animal uses them in nature. Some mammals can be trained to use computers, however, and some non-human primates regula...Wired's How To Wiki offers a few tips on how to avoid getting scammed on Craigslist from founder Craig Newmark himself. Key piece of advice: try to deal only with people you can ha...About Mammals. Mammals are among the most adaptable animals on the planet. They are found on every continent and in every ocean, and range in size from tiny bumblebee bats to enormous …This is a list of all mammals currently found in the U.S. state of Alaska, whether resident or as migrants.With 112 mammal species, Alaska ranks 12th of the 50 U.S. states in mammalian diversity. Not included in this list is the Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian that was once native to Alaska's Aleutian Islands before being …Order: Rodentia (rodents) African brush-tailed porcupine. Cape porcupine. Spiny mouse. Typical striped grass mouse. Acacia rat. Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.This is a list of North American mammals.It includes all mammals currently found in the United States, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, Greenland, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean region, whether resident or as migrants.This article does not include species found only in captivity. Mammal species which … Artiodactyls are mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla ( / ˌɑːrtioʊˈdæktɪlə /, from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος, ártios 'even', and δάκτυλος, dáktylos 'finger, toe'). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof. The IUCN also lists 60 mammalian subspecies as critically endangered. Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, 18 species subpopulations have been assessed as critically endangered. Additionally 900 mammalian species (15% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient , meaning there is insufficient information for a full ... Least chipmunk. Northern pocket gopher. Ord's kangaroo rat. Singing vole. White-footed mouse. Hispid cotton rat. Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. Unincorporated territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are not covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.. According to the IUCN Red List 3 of these species are critically endangered, 20 …The IUCN also lists 60 mammalian subspecies as critically endangered. Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, 18 species subpopulations have been assessed as critically endangered. Additionally 900 mammalian species (15% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient , meaning there is insufficient information for a full ...The 2008 Red List was released on 6 October 2008 at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona and "confirmed an extinction crisis, with almost one in four [mammals] at risk of disappearing forever". The study shows at least 1,141 of the 5,487 mammals on Earth are known to be threatened with extinction, and 836 …Welcome to the Mammals Wiki! We're a collaborative community website about Mammals that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!The animals (basal amniotes) from which non-mammalian synapsids evolved were traditionally called "reptiles". Therefore, synapsids were described as mammal-like ...About Mammals. Mammals are among the most adaptable animals on the planet. They are found on every continent and in every ocean, and range in size from tiny bumblebee bats to enormous … Category. : Mammals. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mammalia and Mammals. The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary glands in the female which produce milk for the nourishment of young; the presence of hair or fur; and which have endothermic or "warm blooded" bodies. The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a slow-moving, filter-feeding carpet shark and the largest known extant fish species.The largest confirmed individual had a length of 18.8 m (61.7 ft). The whale shark holds many records for size in the animal kingdom, most notably being by far the most massive living non-cetacean animal. Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining ( endometrium ). It occurs on a regular basis in uninseminated [1] sexually reproductive-age females of certain mammal species. Although there is some disagreement in definitions between sources, menstruation is generally considered to be limited to primates. Mammals, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; State of Michigan - Crayfish Species Checklist, James W. Fetzner Jr., Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA, 28 January 2008 This page was last edited on 1 July 2023, at 18:37 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons ...The IUCN also lists 60 mammalian subspecies as critically endangered. Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, 18 species subpopulations have been assessed as critically endangered. Additionally 900 mammalian species (15% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient , meaning there is insufficient information for a full ...Mammals Category page. Sign in to edit View history Talk (0) This category is declared by the Template:Infobox creature. Pages in category "Mammals" The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total. A. Aberrant Dire Bear ... ARK: Survival Evolved Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community.Marine mammal. Marine mammals are mammals that depend on the ocean and other marine ecosystems to live. They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears . Cetaceans are fully aquatic. Seals and sea-lions are semiaquatic. They spend the most of their time in the water but need to …Fur. Like many mammals, grizzly bears are covered in thick fur. Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of almost all mammals. It consists of a combination of oily guard hair on top and thick underfur beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an insulating blanket that keeps the animal warm.The supertree classification places placental mammals in four superorders. The four superorders and some of the mammals in them are: Afrotheria—aardvarks, elephants, …Jun 7, 2023 · Among the features that distinguish mammals from the other amniotes, the reptiles and the birds, are hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands in females, and a neocortex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four-chambered heart. The basic body type is a four-legged ... A state mammal is the official mammal of a U.S. state as designated by a state's legislature. The first column of the table is for those denoted as the state mammal, and the second shows the state marine mammals. Animals with more specific designations are also listed. Artiodactyls are mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla ( / ˌɑːrtioʊˈdæktɪlə /, from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος, ártios 'even', and δάκτυλος, dáktylos 'finger, toe'). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof. The Mammals are a contemporary folk rock band based in the Hudson Valley area of New York, in the United States. The band tours internationally [1] [2] and consists of founding members and principal songwriters Mike Merenda (guitar, banjo) and Ruth Ungar (fiddle, guitar) plus Konrad Meissner (drums) and a rotating cast of players on bass, organ ...Mammal Species of the World ... Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference is a standard reference work in mammalogy giving descriptions ... Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans ( whales, dolphins and porpoises ), pinnipeds ( seals, sea lions and walruses ), sirenians ( manatees and dugongs ), sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reliance on marine ... Mammal is a 2016 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Rebecca Daly, who co-wrote the screenplay with Glenn Montgomery. Starring Rachel Griffiths and Barry Keoghan, the cast also includes Michael McElhatton, Nika McGuigan, and Johnny Ward in supporting roles.Dineen Benoit Productions's TV-Show Spoof of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012)". Leonardo - Boog (Open Season) Raphael - Verne (Over the Hedge) Donatello - E.B. (Hop) Michelangelo - Pumbaa (The Lion King) April O'Neil - Star Butterfly (Star vs. The Forces of Evil) Casey Jones - Marco Diaz (Star vs. The Forces of Evil) Master Splinter - Master …The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Mysticeti. Family: Balaenopteridae.This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Canada.There are approximately 200 mammal species in Canada. Its large territorial size consist of fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, ranging from oceanic coasts, to mountains to plains to urban housing, mean that Canada can harbour a great variety of species, including nearly half of the … 哺乳類 （ほにゅうるい、 英語: mammal, [ ˈmæm ( ə) l] 、 学名： Mammalia ）は、 哺乳形類 に属する 脊椎動物 の一群である。. 分類階級 は普通 綱 に置かれ、 哺乳綱 （ほにゅうこう）とされる。. ほ乳類 と表記されることもある [1] [2] 。. 基本的に 有性生殖 を ... Canidae edit · Golden jackal, Canis aureus LC (Russia and south-eastern Europe) · Grey wolf, Canis lupus LC (Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Scandinavia and ...Etymology. Until the 16th century, sharks were known to mariners as "sea dogs". This is still evidential in several species termed "dogfish," or the porbeagle.The etymology of the word shark is uncertain, the most likely etymology states that the original sense of the word was that of "predator, one who preys on others" from the Dutch …The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus; pl.: umbilici or umbilicuses; commonly known as the belly button or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. [1] All placental mammals have a navel, although it is generally more conspicuous in humans.The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal and a baleen whale.Reaching a maximum confirmed length of 29.9 meters (98 ft) and weighing up to 199 tonnes (196 long tons; 219 short tons), it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can be of various shades …Marsupials are a diverse group of mammals belonging to the infraclass Marsupialia. They are primarily found in Australasia, Wallacea, and the Americas. One of the defining features of marsupials is their unique reproductive strategy, where the young are born in a relatively undeveloped state and then nurtured within a pouch. 哺乳類 （ほにゅうるい、 英語: mammal, [ ˈmæm ( ə) l] 、 学名： Mammalia ）は、 哺乳形類 に属する 脊椎動物 の一群である。. 分類階級 は普通 綱 に置かれ、 哺乳綱 （ほにゅうこう）とされる。. ほ乳類 と表記されることもある [1] [2] 。. 基本的に 有性生殖 を ...

Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock.They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos.Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls.Young female cattle (heifers), young male cattle …. My siblings refused to let me come

mammals wiki

List of mammals of the Canary Islands; List of mammals of Cape Verde; List of mammals of the Central African Republic; List of mammals of Ceuta, Melilla and the Plazas de Soberanía; List of mammals of Chad; List of mammals of the Comoros; List of mammals of the Republic of the Congo; List of mammals of the …Yawn. A yawn is a reflex in vertebrate animals characterized by a long inspiratory phase with gradual mouth gaping, followed by a brief climax (or acme) with muscle stretching, and a rapid expiratory phase with muscle relaxation, which typically lasts a few seconds. [2] [3] For fish and birds, this is described as gradual mouth gaping, …Marine mammals comprise over 130 living and recently extinct species in three taxonomic orders.The Society for Marine Mammalogy, an international scientific society, maintains a list of valid species and subspecies, most recently updated in October 2015. This list follows the Society's taxonomy regarding and subspecies. …Mammals, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; State of Michigan - Crayfish Species Checklist, James W. Fetzner Jr., Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA, 28 January 2008 This page was last edited on 1 July 2023, at 18:37 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons ... Cape hyrax. The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East. Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes) Genus: Procavia. Placental mammals. The dingo was the first placental mammal introduced to Australia by humans. Australia has indigenous placental mammals from two orders: the bats, order Chiroptera, represented by six families, and the mice and rats, order Rodentia, family Muridae. Bats and rodents are relatively recent arrivals to Australia. Bumblebee bat. The title of the world’s smallest mammal goes to the bumblebee bat. This mammal weighs just shy of 2 grams and measures around 1 to 1.3 inches (3.3 cm) in length. The bumblebee bat was discovered by Thai zoologist, Kitti Thonglongya, in 1974 and is also known as Kitti's hog-nosed bat because of its pig-like snout.A state mammal is the official mammal of a U.S. state as designated by a state's legislature. The first column of the table is for those denoted as the state mammal, and the second shows the state marine mammals. Animals with more specific designations are also listed.Platypus anatinus Shaw, 1799. The platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus ), [3] sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, [4] is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family Ornithorhynchidae and genus …Placental mammals. The dingo was the first placental mammal introduced to Australia by humans. Australia has indigenous placental mammals from two orders: the bats, order Chiroptera, represented by six families, and the mice and rats, order Rodentia, family Muridae. Bats and rodents are relatively recent arrivals to Australia.Marsupials are a diverse group of mammals belonging to the infraclass Marsupialia. They are primarily found in Australasia, Wallacea, and the Americas. One of the defining features of marsupials is their unique reproductive strategy, where the young are born in a relatively undeveloped state and then nurtured within a pouch.All marine mammals are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.Some are also protected under the Endangered Species Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.. NOAA Fisheries has jurisdiction over approximately 119 marine mammal species, while …Every animal you can think of -- mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians -- all have brains. But the human brain is unique. It gives us the power to think, plan, speak, imagine.... The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Mysticeti. Monotremes ( / ˈmɒnətriːmz /) are mammals of the order Monotremata. They are the only known group of living mammals that lay eggs, rather than bearing live young. The extant monotreme species are the platypus and the four species of echidnas. Monotremes are typified by structural differences in their brains, jaws, digestive tract ....

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